Rules of conduct during expulsions.
As a general rule, they were held by surprise and began at night. All coercive measures were admissible - ill-treatment, beatings, use of firearms, dogs, etc. They were carried out by SS, the Gestapo, Wehrmacht, Sonderdienst, Volksdeutsche and Ukrainians in the German service. The villages were first surrounded by a cordon. A group of 'soldiers' would then go to the village. They woke the inhabitants and expelled them from their homes. Sometimes, the village mayor was ordered to gather residents at a designated place. Most times, they were given 5-30 minutes to gather their belongings, in rare cases, an hour or two. They were permitted to take up to 20 kg of personal belongings and food, on occasion only a loaf of bread. Most times the action was brutal: people were beaten with rifles, shot, surrounded by dogs. Regardless of the season or inclement weather, homes were emptied of all their inhabitants, including the infirmed and elderly. Often times, the villagers were kept gathered in the square for several hours. Homes were often torched and people thrown alive into burning buildings. The displaced were either transported to transit camps in wooden carts, or marched on foot. The villagers called the camps- 'za drutem'-'behind the wire'. Such camps functioned in Zwierzyniec (2km) Zamość (29km) and Biłgoraj.
Once transported to the camp in Zamość the prisoners were subjected to selection by health and age. Each received an appropriate stamp on a card as follows:
= AA / Arbeitseinisatz / able to work intended for forced labor in Germany
= RD / Rentendorfer / infirmed elderly patients / rapid extermination /
= AG / Arbeitsanisatz Generalgouvernement / able to work as farmhands remaining assigned nasiedlonym Volksdeutsche.
= KL / Birkenau Lager / displaced persons directed to Auschwitz - Birkenau, the physical liquidation
EC / Widereindeutschungs fahig / - individuals suitable for Germanization
KI / Kinderaktion / children - after checking their racial purity- were deported into Germany for Germanization.
Each group was placed in a separate barracks, which caused separation of families. There were dramatic scenes especially when the mothers of children taken away.
It is estimated that the deportations concerned 35 - 40 thousand children. About 5000 received the category of "KI" and were deported to the Reich. Other children's "KL" died in the camps, during transport, died of hunger and exhaustion and the lack of medical attention.
Large-scale deportation actions started on the night of 27/28 November 1942. One of the first villages to be displaced was Skierbieszów, about 30 miles from Turzyniec. People there were given 20 minutes time to get dressed and pack up their belongings. They loaded them on carts and were taken to Zamość 'behind the wire' . Later that same day he village was settled by German colonists. In total, the Germans deported 297 villages.
The colonists were managed by the SS. They organized them in military fashion, all wearing black uniforms, hence the name attributed to them by the Polish -'black'. They were well armed and underwent special military exercises. They received large allocations of food. "Black" collaborated with the gendarmerie and SS in the pacification and deportation actions. Due to difficulties on the Eastern Front, the Germans interrupted the displacement and pacification campaign aimed at gaining living space. German and Ukrainian colonists appeared in the areas abandoned by the inhabitants of the Zamość region. During the operation (July–August), 30,000 people were displaced. up to 60 thousand Poles from 171 villages. From November 1942 to August 1943, nearly 300 villages in the Zamość region suffered damage.
Villages that were completely displaced :
In addition, partially displaced village: Kamionka średnia, Krzeszów Dolny Jasiennik, Gózd, Maziarnia, Momoty, Ujście, Szeliga, Huta Krzeszowska, Łazary, Dzwola, Władysławów, Buk, Ciosmy, Banachy, Bidaczów Stary i Nowy, Kocudza Zdzisławice, Rapa, Gromada, Korytków, Trąbka, Sól, Dereźnia, Wola Dereźniańska, Stary i Nowy Majdan, Kojce, Goraj, Wólka Abramowska, Hosznia Ordynacka, Jędrzejówka, Will, okrągłe, Korczowa Smólsko, Brodziaki, Gorajec Stara Wieś, Pisklaki, Chmielek, Osuchy, Majdan Nepryski, Błoto, Górecko Stare, Kąty, Mielewszczyzna, Hutki, Oseredek, Stara Ciotusza, Sielec, Krynice.
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Multiple Pacifications of WYWLOCZKA-On March 30, 1942, during the pacification of the village, the Germans, with the participation of Ukrainian nationalists, shot six residents. They were: Józef Czarnecki with his wife Anna, Michał Golca(sic) with his daughter Ludwika (sic), Anna Ruszczyńska, Stefania Różyło. The bodies of the murdered were buried in a pasture.
A month later,(April 1942) the Germans arrested the men as hostages, who were transported to the Majdanek concentration camp. Only one person came back. Another 26 men, also as hostages, were arrested in
February 1943.
A year later, the Gestapo, with the participation of the Ukrainian police, arrested 13 people, residents of the village. They were: Edward Czochra, Bronisław Panas, Adam Szabata, Stanisław Zaburski, Roman
Szmiga. Five were murdered in the Zamość Rotunda.
The next pacification of the village was carried out on March 31, 1943 by German gendarmerie and Ukrainian police. That day, the attackers surrounded village and drove all the inhabitants out of the house.
They shot Tekla Zaburska and her daughter in front of their house. A similar fate befell Eugeniusz and Władysław K___, Adam Grela and a man named Romuszko. In the village they burned 150 buildings. The remaining inhabitants of the village were transported to a transit camp in Zwierzyniec. As a result of Jan Zamoyski's intervention, some of them were women and the children were released. Thirty menwere transported to Zamość and placed in a camp or detention. In total, about 50 people died in this town during the last war Polish inhabitants23.
Of. 50P https://sbc.org.pl/Content/10582/ludobojstwo_nacjonalistow_ukrainskich.pdf
STANISŁAW JASTRZĘBSKI LUDOBÓJSTWO NACJONALISTÓW UKRAIŃSKICH
NA POLAKACH NA LUBELSZCZYŹNIE W LATACH 1939-1947
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Wspomnienia Anieli Jonczak , lat 85, mieszkanki wsi Turzyniec
Translation of the Memories of Aniela Jonczak, 85, resident of the village of Turzyniec. The times of World War II were primarily difficult and terrible times. When the Germans were coming along the road, people ran into the forest and hid in the grain. There was poverty and hunger everywhere. We cooked borscht from fodder beets and used sugar beets to sweeten coffee made from grain...In 1943, Wywłoczka was pacified. The Germans expelled all the inhabitants. They were herded along the road to exile. If anyone tried to escape, he was shot. The Germans did not care whether he was an old man, a young man, or a child. Many people were shot, many were locked in the camp in Zwierzyniec. They took others to the Rotunda in Zamość. Then people had nowhere to live because the Germans had burned the village. Part of Turzyniec was also burned and people had to live in dryers. May such times never return.
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The German punitive expedition completed the pacification action by pacifying the village of Wywłoczka near Zwierzyniec on March 31, 43. The procedure was standard: the village was surrounded by a tight cordon, and designated platoons searched house after house, herding the population to the Majdanek, where selections were made.
Those qualified were formed into a marching column and driven to the camp in Zwierzyniec.
While searching the village, 5 hiding people were shot and some of their better belongings were loaded onto empty cars. They were followed by a column of other residents, mainly women and children. The village was burned down.
The tragedy of the village was remembered and described by its resident, Jan Pacześny, as follows:
"...The tragic day of March 31, 1943 came. Early in the morning, gendarmes entered the village from the direction of Zwierzyniec and surrounded the village. Some of them went from house to house, waking up scared and terrified people and pushing them out onto the road. They graciously allowed us to take our cows and horse carts with us. With their rifle butts they urged the sluggish to hurry, to hurry, and wherever this method of beating and kicking was not effective, they did not hesitate to shoot. And so, the bedridden Tekla Zaburska and her daughter, who did not want to leave her sick mother, were taken outside the cottage and shot. In another place, young boys Władysław and Eugeniusz Ksiądz, who hesitated to leave and they tried to hide in the farmyard, were also killed. A similar fate befell Adam Grela, a village wheelwright who, being lame, could not walk.
In less than 15 minutes, all the inhabitants of Wywłoczka met on the square with their property, which was mostly in baskets and bundles. There was fear in everyone's eyes. There were many people among those gathered who didn't even have time to dress properly. People lost their heads in fear and in a hurry, they put on whatever was at hand, most often worse work clothes, leaving more valuable clothes.... Explosions of incendiary grenades could be heard, and after a while, clouds of black smoke appeared - then the entire village began to burn.... Weapons were burning in the fire, grenades and ammunition, stored like relics by soldiers with this moment in mind, were bursting. when the order comes: "To arms!" / "Pacification action in Wywłoczka" published in "Publishing house of materials for the history of the Zamość region 1939-1944" edited by Zygmunt Klukowski.
The price for the derailed military train was terrifying. The Home Army Headquarters wrote about this action in a telegram to the Commander-in-Chief in London.
"...In retaliation for the derailment on March 27 this year. military train on the Zwierzyniec - Krasnobród line, 10 nearby villages were completely burned down:
Pardysówka, Różaniec, Majdan Kasztelański, Dzików Nowy, Wywłoczka, Bagno, Brzeziny, Rutka, Obrocz and Tereszpol. Over 300 people were shot on the spot, over 4,000 were partially deported to forced labor in the Reich (those able to work), the rest to the death camps in Bełżec and Sobibór. The liquidation was carried out by German gendarmerie units and special units of "Turkmen" / former Soviet prisoners of war..." https://ias24.eu/aktualnosci,zwierzyniec-w-holdzie-ofiarom-mordu-w-wywloczce,10530.html
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Wspomnienia Wiesławy Typiak ― mieszkanki Topólczy FJG 7 12 27
Translation of the Memories of Wiesława Typiak - resident of Topólcza FJG 7 12 27
When the war started, I was 7 years old and lived in Topólcza... The events that stuck in my mind the most were when the Germans brought defenseless people to the pasture. They ordered them to go out in groups of three and then shot them. The worst thing was that they made us watch and threatened that the same would happen to us if we did not obey. After they killed everyone, they told us to bury them...I was very afraid of the Germans and that they would come and kill us...
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January 10, 1943, pp. 1-3. Bloody terror in the Zamość region. The displacement is still ongoing and has so far covered the region. Zamość and Tomaszów approx. 100 villages. The displaced population is herded behind barbed wire, formally separate groups of men, women and children. Some of the men are transported to work, the rest to the Majdanek camp near Lublin. Activists and military personnel are usually shot, elderly people are murdered on the spot, as are children under 2-3 years of age. Older children up to 12 years of age are transported en masse in closed freight wagons. On the way along the railway line from Zamość, there are corpses of children thrown out of wagons. The people sleep in their clothes and on bundles, and are constantly on guard, and if the Germans appear, they flee to the forests. The Germans shoot at defenseless people. In addition to displacement, large quotas of people were put to work. E.g. commune Sułów was on January 8. br. provide 2,000 people...
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The following is a translation of an excerpt from an interview with Alfred Budzynski. He was a young child living in Turzyniec during the war:
"...I will tell you about the execution of children from a family named Swistek-they were 3 girls. The oldest was 15 (sic), the middle one was 9 (sic) and the youngest-7. Their father was in the Auschwitz camp, their brother was the member of a robbery gang and had been killed/ One day, probably due to a denunciation, a German came to their farm. He asked if everyone was at home. One of the younger ones wasn't there, she had gone to buy shoe polish...when she returned he shot all 3...they weren't allowed to be buried in the cemetery. According to the Orders-where they are killed they are buried. No coffins. After the war the exhumation took place, at which I was present. I watched as the shoe polish the young girl bought was tossed out of the grave. She'd held on so tightly that it ended up underground with her. I couldn't look any longer..."
This tragic murder occurred on Nov 18, 1942
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As a neighbour of the Budzynski family during the German occupation, I testify that in February 1943, Albert's father was taken to concentration camp in Zamość. His family was submited to inspection (presence at home has been checked) livestock was confiscated and their livelihood was taken away. Afte the execution of Concentration Camp prisoners family members (Panas and Swistek), the pacification of the Wywłoczka village (46 people killed), Turzyniec (more than ten) and murdering Socha villagers on June 1st 1943 (182 people killed), he was hiding in different places and among partisans in the woods called Jeliczna.
https://okupowanamlodosc-animator.blogspot.com/2012/05/brzoza-i-gaz.html
http://zwierzyniec.info.pl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=239:pacyfikacja-wywoczki&catid=41:aktualnoci&Itemid=71
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