The szlachta were the noble estate of Poland. They descended from those men who had proven to be both loyal and skilled warriors. Shortly after the Piast's reign- the szlachta became a hereditary caste. By the late 1600's 9 percent of the population belonged to this class. France, at 1 per cent and England at 2 , were a stark contrast . These nobles were defined according to the legal rights they held rather than the economic class to which they belonged. The richest peasant could live on the land of a nobleman who possessed a fraction of his wealth.
Whether rich or poor, they had many privileges protected by constitutional law. Each male member had a vote in how the country was run; later this was formalized and became the bicameral parliament, the Sejm.. They had the ability to disagree openly with the King's wishes. The Szlachta, like other European nobles, had the exclusive right to bear heraldic arms. In battle, their war cry was the name of their clan.
Such was the lineage of my grandfather Boselaw Tylicki known as Benjamin in America.
I can say with confidence that their noble status was not 'always' stated in each and every birth, marriage and/or death record. Although, the further you go back in time, the more often they are indeed so recorded. Nobles only married other nobles, or else they lost their noble status. Only those of noble birth entered religious life or held office. The szlachta elected the king. And surprisingly, many were as poor as church mice. I believe almost 10% of the population was of the petty noble class 'drobna szlachta'. Their names were often the same as the villages from which they hailed as in my case- Bońkowoski from Bońkowo Podleśne, Chodupski from Chodupka and so on.
From the Polish Origins Forum- a list of noble titles-I would add in Polish 'dziedzic' meaning 'the heir to..' and in Latin 'Dominus(m)-Lord and Lady.
LATIN POLISH ENGLISH
illustrissimus/ magnificus jaÑnie wielmoóny honorable
-(a magnate/senator)
magnificus wielmoóny your honor/esquire
-(court official)
generosus urodzony “well-born”
-(an owner of at least one village)
nobilis szlachetny noble
-(owner of parcel of land or a leaseholder)
spectabilis godny worthy
-(a wealthy aristocrat/patrician from a large town or city)
honoratus zacny honorable
-(aristocrat/patrician
In my Tylicki family and afiliated lines, the term 'nobilis' was by far the most frequently used, followed by a few 'generosus(m), 1 magnificus(m) and even 1 Dominum in the 17th and 18th c. As for the first half of the 19th century (the records were now being written in Polish) 'urodzony' and 'szlachtiego' were predominant. By the 1850s, most of my family were listed as farmers, carpenters, mortgage lenders etc. Every now and then I foundz 'dziedic
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My Direct Line
5th great grandparents-Jan Tylicki and Teresa Ługowska b1716
4th great grandparents-Piotr Tylicki b1752 d1797 and Ewa Szczypiorska
3rd great grandparents-Jan Tylicki b July 8 1811 and Franciszka Chodubska
2nd Great Grandparents-Antoni Tylicki b1812 dOct 10 1866 and Wiktorya Chądzynska Occupation-zakladnik
Great Grandparents-Hippolot Tylicki b1855 and Marianna Podsiadłowska Children Antoni, Leon,
Grandparents- Boleslaw Tylicki b1893 and Eugenia Panuciak b1894
Translations prior to 1868 are from Polish...after this year they are from Russian. Thanks to the talented and generous volunteers at Polish Origins Forum and Genealogical Translations on FB.
Marriage of my 5th great grandparents Jan Tylicki & Teresa Lugowska November 26, 1736, Ługi, Szreńsk Parish
Piotr Tylicki born on June 29, 1751 in Lugi. son of Jan Tylicki & Teresa Ługowska
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Birth of my 2nd great grandfather Antoni Tylicki1812
DATE-of-ACT: 11 July 1812, 8 am
FATHER: Jan Tylicki, farmer, 29 years old, residing in Chodubka
MOTHER: Franciszka born Chodubska, 25 years old, his wife
CHILD: Antoni Tylicki, born 9 July 1812, 12 o'clock night, in Chodupki, house number seven
WITNESSES: Andrzej Pierski, farmer, 60 years old, and Jan Chadzynski, farmer, 50 years old, both residing in Chodubka
5 Chodubka
Roku tysiecznego osiemsetnego dwunastego, dnia jedenastego miesiaca lipca o godzinie osmej przed poludniem. Przed nami Urzednikiem Stanu Cywilnego gminy Lidzbarskiej powiatu Mławskiego w departamencie Płockim, stawil sie Jan Tylicki, gospodarz lat dwadziescia dziewiec liczacy, w Chadupkach zamieszkaly, i okazal nam dziecie plci meskiej, ktore urodzilo sie w domu jego pod numerem siodmym, na dniu dziewiatym tego miesiaca lipca roku biezacego o godzinie dwunastej w nocy, oswiadczajac iz jest splodzone z niego i Franciszki z Chadubskich, dwadziscia piec lat majacej, jego malzonki, i ze zyczeniem jego jest nadac mu imiona Antoni. Po uczynieniu powyzszego oswiadczenia i okazaniu dzieciecia, w przytomnosci Andrzeja Pierskiego gospodarza lat szescdziesiat liczacego, tudziez Jana Chadzynskiego, gospodarza lat piecdziesiat liczacego, obydwoch w Chadupkach zamieszkalych. Poczem akt niniejszy urodzenia stawajacym byl przeczytany, ile ze ojciec i swiadkkowie pisac nie umieja, my onze podpisalismy.
Jakub Mezandrowicz, Urzednik Stanu Cywilnego
Translated:
Year one thousand eight-hundred twelfth, eleventh day of the month of July, at eight o'clock before noon. Before us, officer of the Civil Vital Records Registry for the community Lidzbark, county Mława, in the department of Płock, appeared in Jan Tylicki, farmer, twenty-nine years old, residing in Chodupki, and presented us a male child, which was born in his house under number seventh, on the ninth day of the month ofJuly of the current year, at twelve o'clock at night, declaring he is begotten of him, and Franciszka born Chadubska, twenty-five years old, his wife, and that his will is to the him the name of Antoni. After making the above a statement and presentation of the child, in consciousness of Andrzej Pierski, farmer, sixty years old, and Jan Chadzynski, farmer, fifty years old, both residing in Chodubka. After which this act of birth was read to the present, and as the father and witnesses do not know how to write, we this signed.
Jakub Mezandrowicz, officer of the Civil Vital Records Registry
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Year 1818, on the 20 day of the month of March,
at 8 o'clock in the morning. Before us officer of the Civil Vital Records Registry for the community Kuczbork, circuit Mława, in the voievodship of Plock appeared in well-born Jan Tylicki, 38 years olod, residing in Chodupki, and presented us a female child, born in his house at number 8 on the 19 day of the current month of March in the year, at six o'clock evening, declaring she is begotten of him and Franciszka nee Chodupska, 30 years old, his wife, and that his will is give her the name Julianna. After making the above statement and presentation of the child, in consciousness of well-born Jan Trzcienski, farmer, 39 years old, and Andrzej Kierski, farmer, 65 years old, both residing in Chodupki. After which, this act of birth was read to the present, and
Birth of my 2nd great grandfather's brother 1825
http://polishorigins.com/forum/files/_m_0807_2_456.jpg
DATE-of-ACT: 12 March 1825, 3 pm,
FATHER: well born Jan Tylicki, 30 years old, residing in the village Chodupka, community Kudzbork, maintaining a farm
MOTHER: Franciszka born Chodupska, 28 years old, his wife
CHILD: Jan Tylicki, born 10 March 1825, 7 am, in Chodupka, house at number one
WITNESSES: well borns Antoni Piasecki, 30 years old, and Jan Trzciński, 40 years old, both residing in the village Chodupka, community Kudzbork, maintaining farms
NOTE: Kudzbork today Kuczbork
23 Wies Chodupki
Roku tysiacznego osiemsetnego dwudziestego piatego, dnia dwunastego miesiaca marca o godzinie trzeciej po poludniu. Przed nami, proboszczem parafii Kudzborskiej, Urzednikiem Stanu Cywilnego gminy Kudzborskiej w obwodzie Mlawskim wojewodztwie Plockim. Stawil sie urodzony Jan Tylicki liczacy lat trzydziesci, w wsi Chodupce zamieszkaly w gminie Kudzborskiej, gospodarstwo rolne utrzymujacy, i okazal nam dziecie plci meskiej, ktore urodzilo sie w domu pod numerem pierwszym, na dniu dziesiatym miesiaca i roku biezacego, o godzinie siodmej z rana, oswiadczajac iz jest splodzone z niego i Franciszki z Chodupskich liczacej lat dwadziescia osiem, jego malzonki, i ze zyczniem jego jest nadac mu imie Jan. Po uczynieniu powyzszego oswiadczenia i okazaniu nam dzieciecia, w przytomnosci swiadkow urodzonych Antoniego Piaseckiego, liczacego lat trzydziesci, i Jana Trzcinskiego liczacego lat czterdziesci, obydwu w wsi Chodupce gminie Kudzborskiej zamieszkalych, gospodarstwo rolne utrzymujacych. Akt niniejszy urodzenia zostal stawajacym przeczytany i przez nas podpisany, ile ze w akcie wyrazone osoby oswiadzcyly iz pisac nie umieja.
Ksiadz Piotr Hrzegowski, Urzednik Stanu Cywilnego
Translated:
Year one thousand eight-hundred twenty-fifth, in the twelfth day of the month of March at three o'clock in the afternoon. Before us, pastor of the parish Kudzbork, officer of the Civil Vital Records Registry for the community Kudzbork, circuit Mława, voivodeship Płock. Appeared in well born Jan Tylicki, thirty years old, residing in the village Chodupka, community Kudzbork, maintaining a farm, and presented us a male child, born in the house at number one, on the tenth day of the current month and year, at seven o'clock in the morning, declaring he is begotten of him and Franciszka born Chodupska, twenty-eight years old, his wife, and that his will is to give him the name Jan. After making the above statement and presentation of a child, in consciousness of witnesses well borns Antoni Piasecki, thirty years old, and Jan Trzciński, forty years old, both residing in the village Chodupka, community Kudzbork, maintaining farms. This Act of birth was read to the presents and signed by us, because the persons expressed in the act declared they do not know how to write.
Priest Piotr Hrzegowski, officer of the Civil Vital Records Registry
Translated from Polish:
It happened in the city Kudzbork, on 8 June 1829, at 1 pm. Appeared in Jan Tylicki, heir to noble part, 50 years old, and Marcin Zebrowski, 35 years old, laborer, both residing in the village Chodupka, and declared that yesterday,at 12 noon died Jozef Tylicki, in the village Chodupka, staying with his parents in the village Chodupka, one year and half old, son of Jan and Franciszka spouses Tylicki from Chodubka After visual conviction that Tylicki passed away. This act was read to the presents, of which the first is the father of the deceased, and who do not know how to write. Priest Jozef Bonkowski, pastor in Kudzbork
Marriage of my 2nd great grandparents 1844
DATE-of-ACT: /1/13/ October – 13 October 1849, 3 pm, in Szreńsk
WITNESSES: Jan Tylicki, 33 years old, and Julian Kuczkowski, 35 years old, both partial heirs in Ługi, residing in Ługi
KTO: Hipolit Tylicki died 13 October 1849, 12:00 night, in Ługi, 66 years old, partial heir in Ługi,
PARENTS: son of the late Piotr and Ewa spouses Tylicki
WIDOW-and-CHILDREN: leaving behind widowed wife Pelagia born Blidzewska; sons Piotr and Franciszek; daughters Wiktorya, Balbina, Weronika, Aniela,
DATE-of-ACT: /21 October/ 4 November/ - 4 November 1855, 2 pm, in Wieczfnia
FATHER: Antoni Tylicki, pledge, 42 years old, residing in Kapuśnik
MOTHER: Wiktorya born Chadzynska, 32 years old, his wife
CHILD: Hyppolit Tylicki, born 2 November 1855, 9 am, in Kapuśnik
WITNESSES: Hyppolit Potrzuski, 30 years old, and Mikolaj Olszewski, 50 years old, partial heirs from Kapuśnik
GODPARENTS: Hyppolit and Ewa, spouses Potrzuski
NOTE: zakładnik means hostage, also pledge
But what meaning for zakładnik szlachcic = noble hostage, hundreds years ago?
I found sentences like that one:
… jako zakładnik - stanowiłby zabezpieczenie przed buntem szlachty …
// as a hostage – he would provide protection against the rebellion of the nobility
N 50 Kapuśnik // today Grzybowo-Kapuśnik, mławski, Poland
Dzialo sie w Wieczfni dnia /dwudziestego trzeciego pazdziernika/ czwartego listopada/ tysiac osiemset piecdziesiatego piatego roku, o godzinie drugiej po poludniu. Stawil sie Antoni Tylicki, zastawnik, lat czterdziesci dwa majacy, w Kapuśniku zamieszkaly, w obecnosci Hyppolita Potrzuskiego lat trzydziesci i Mikolaja Olszewskiego lat piecdziesiat liczacych, dziedzicow czastkowych z Kapuśnika, i okazal nam dziecie plci meskiej urodzone w Kapuśniaku dnia oniegdajszego o godzinie dziewiatej rano z jego malzonki Wiktoryi z Chemdzynskich? lat trzydziesci dwa majacej. Dziecieciu temu na chrzcie swietym w dniu dzisiejszym odbytym nadane zostalo imie Hyppolit, a rodzicami jego chrzestnymi byli Hyppolit i Ewa, malzonkowie Potrzuscy. Akt ten stawajacemu i swiadkom pisac nie umiejacym przeczytawszy, sami podpisalismy.
Ksiadz Krupski, pelniacy obowiazki Urzednika Stanu Cywilnego
Translated:
It did happen in Wieczfnia in the day / twenty-third October / fourth November / year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, at two o'clock in the afternoon. Appeared in Antoni Tylicki, pledge, forty-two years old, residing in Kapuśnik, in the presence of Hyppolit Potrzuski, thirty years old, and Mikolaj Olszewski, fifty years old, partial heirs from Kapuśnik, and presented us a male child born in Kapuśnik, the day before yesterday, at nine o'clock in the morning with his wife Wiktorya born Chadzynska? thirty-two years old.
On the holy baptism held today the child has been given the name of Hyppolit, and his godparents were Hyppolit and Ewa, spouses Potrzuski. This act was read to the present and witnesses, who do not know how to write, we ourselves signed.
Priest Krupski, exercising duties of the officer of Civil Vital Records Registry
It did happen in Wieczfnia, in the eleventh day of October, year one thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, at eight o'clock in the morning. Appeared in Stanislaw Tylicki, servant, son of the deceased, twenty-six years old, and Teodor Jabłonowski, heir to a noble part, forty years old, residing in Jabłonowo-Adamy, and declared that yesterday at two o'clock in the night died in Jabłonowo-Adamy Antoni Tylicki, tenant of a noble part, residing in Jabłonowo-Adamy, fifty-three years old, son /: parents unknowns: /, leaving behind a widowed wife Wiktorya. After visual conviction that Antoni Tylicki passed away. This act was read to the present, who do not know how to write, and was signed by us.
Priest Krapski, Pastor, maintains Civil Vital Records Registry
GROOM: Jozef Tylicki, young man, 25 years old, residing in Adamy with his mother, born in Nosarzewo Polne,
GROOM-PARENTS: son of the late Antoni Tylicki, and living wife Wiktorya born Chudzynska (откупщик, odkupczyk) of parts from Adamy
BRIDE: Maryanna Tańska, Miss, born in Adamy, 21 years old, residing in Adamy with her father
BRIDE-PARENTS: daughter of Tomasz Tański and the late his wife Anna born Grzybowska, owner of parts in Adamy,
WITNESSES: Jan Jablonowski, famer, 47 years old, and Jozef Cipkowski, blacksmith, 48 years old, both residing in Adamy
BANNS: in local parish church, /24 January/5 February/; /31 January/12 February/; /7/19/ February 1871
It did happen in Wieczfnia February /7/19/ 1871, 4 pm.
We make it known that in consciousness of witnesses Jan Jablonowski, famer, 47 years old, and Jozef Cipkowski, blacksmith, 48 years old, both residing in Adamy, has been concluded religious marriage between Jozef Tylicki, young man, 25 years old, residing in Adamy with his mother, born in Nosarzewo Polne, son of the late Antoni Tylicki, and living wife Wiktorya born Chudzynska, (откупщик, plural in Russian record, see NOTE) of parts from Adamy; and Maryanna Tańska, Miss, born in Adamy, daughter of Tomasz Tański and the late his wife Anna born Grzybowska, owner of parts in Adamy, 21 years old, residing in Adamy with her father. Banns in local parish church, /24 January/5 February/; /31 January/12 February/; /7/19/ February current year. No prenuptial agreement. Regligious rite by priest Tomasz Krezyski? rector of Wieczfnia
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Zakrzewo-Ranki
Nr 11
It happened in village Wieczfnia on 29 January 1896 at 5 p.m.
Witnesses: Antoni Marchlewski organist 53 years old and Antoni Kofman sacristian 48 years old both living in Wieczfia
Groom: Antoni Miecznikowski 36 years old born in Zakrzewo-Ranki, farmer living in Zakrzewo-Ranki
Parents of groom: deceased Maciej Miecznikowski and the deceased Salomea Miecznikowska nee Miecznikowska
Bride: Julianna Tylicka 26 years old born in Zakrzewo-Frocki living in Jabłonowo-Adamy
Bride parents: the deceased Antoni Tylicki Antoni and Wiktoria Tylicka maiden name Chadzińska
There were 3 church annoucements in Wieczfnia church: 31 December (12 January), 7 (19 ) January and 14 (26 ) January 1896
There was no premarital agreement.
Priest who celebrated wedding ceremony: Remigiusz Jankowski
Last known address in 1987 - Zawada 113
The Tylicki family New Jersey 1920
